Tungsten oxide film may be applied for preparing an energy saving film. According to experts, the electrochromic phenomenon of such a tungsten trioxide electrochromic film for thermal insulating and energy-saving glass, that is, the conversion phenomenon between the colored state and the bleached state, can be explained by a double injection model.
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The experts introduced that, from the double injection model, it can be known that when Li+ is injected on the surface and inside of the WO3 film, a metastable metal tungsten bronze is formed, which causes discoloration of the device. When a reverse voltage is applied, Li+ is removed from the WO3 film, and the device becomes colorless. But there is still a small amount of Li+ in the WO3 film. After multiple coloring and bleaching reactions, the injection and extraction of Li+ results in the conversion of the surface of the film to a low-energy crystal structure. The more time and voltage required for the film to fade to complete colorlessness, the more incomplete the film fades even during fading.
