Tungsten trioxide, or WO3, is a new type of electrochromic material for preparing electrochromic film, and then the prepared thin film can be applied to the French windows for obtaining a French window thermal insulating film. Well, do you know how to prepare tungsten trioxide nanoparticles for electrochromic applications?
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Large-scale, high yield production of WO3 particles can be successfully realized by using a facile, high-temperature, catalyst-free, solid evaporation route with ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate as raw material. The crystalline structure, size, and morphology of the as-synthesized WO3 particles were systematically investigated by combined techniques of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, as a ding of reaction temperature, deposition temperature, carrier gas flow rate, and size of the quartz tube. With low carrier gas flow rate (1–2 L/min), the WO3 products collected from different deposition regions were found to exhibit a diversity of forms, such as thick rods, irregular, polyhedral, and octahedral particles, depending on the reaction temperature. At a reaction temperature of 1350 °C, increasing the carrier gas flow rate led to the formation of semi-spherical or quasi-spherical WO3 particles with decreased size and improved size distribution. A reaction temperature of 1350 °C and an Ar flow rate of 6 L/min yielded optimized quasi-spherical WO3 nanoparticles with high size uniformity, which have been found to exhibit stable electrochromic performance with high color contrast and H+ insertion ability. The WO3 nanoparticles that can be effectively produced in high quantity are promising electrochromic candidates for potential applications in large-area smart windows.
