Monoclinic WO3 nanosheet array film can be prepared by hydrothermal method. It is reported that some experts grew single crystal WO3·H2O nanosheet array films directly on the FTO conductive glass by hydrothermal reaction at 120 °C for 12 hours using sodium tungstate and hydrochloric acid as raw materials, and ammonium oxalate as additives.
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Wherein, the tungsten trioxide nanosheets grew perpendicular to the substrate, with the thickness of about 260 ± 30 nm. And the film thickness is 1.3 μm. Then, the prepared single crystal WO3·H2O nanosheet array film was calcined at 450 °C to obtain a monoclinic WO3 nanosheet array film. Experts said that from the results, the obtained monoclinic WO3 films exhibited excellent photoelectrochemical properties. At a potential of 1.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl), the obtained photocurrent density was 4.22 mA/cm2. At last, such a tungsten trioxide nano film may be used to prepare smart windows for applying to the buildings or automobiles. And such a smart window shields heat without affecting the transmission of visible light.