Cesium tungsten bronze is often used to prepare an environmentally friendly sunroom thermal insulating coating without containing poisonous and harmful substances. According to the experts, cesium tungsten bronze is a type of tungsten bronze structure material MxWO3 with the formula of CsxWO3. And the CsxWO3 nanopowder possesses mixed valence state of tungsten (W5+ and W6+). Their crystal structure changes with their different x values.
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In the case of the large size ion, such as Cs+ ions (ionic radius, r?=?0.167 nm), in principle, only the maximum value of x?=?0.33 of Cs+ ions can be introduced into the hexagonal structure. With the decrement of the ionic radii, if some smaller ions such as Li+(0.076 nm), Na+(0.102 nm), K+(0.138 nm), Rb+(0.152 nm) are utilized to instead of bigger ions of Cs+, the distortion of the MxWO3 crystal will occur. As a result, the shrinkage of the tunnel structure occurs and leads to the formation of tetragonal and cubic structures.
