Cs0.32WO3 for preparing smart glass thermal insulating coating is a type of alkali-doped tungsten bronze, that is, cesium doped tungsten bronze, which is often known as cesium tungsten bronze. Nanoparticles of cesium tungsten bronze are an excellent near-infrared shielding material, but exhibit slight chromatic instabilities typically upon applications of strong ultraviolet light or heating in humid environment, which acts detrimentally to long-life commercial applications.
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In this regard, some experts have investigated the origin of the chromatic instabilities in cesium tungsten bronze. It has been found that the coloration and bleaching processes comprised electronic exchanges which accelerate or depress the polaron excitation and the localized surface plasmon resonance. Coloration on UV illumination is evidenced by electron diffraction as due to the formation of HxWO3, which is considered to take place in the surface Cs-deficient WO3 region via the double charge injection mechanism. On the other hand, bleaching on heating in air and in humid environment is shown to accompany the extraction of Cs and electrons from Cs0.32WO3 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis and is concluded to be an oxidation of Cs0.32WO3 on the particle surface.
